Characteristics of Permeability Changes in Bituminous Coal Under Conditions of Stress Variation Due to Repeated Mining Activities     

Huang  Mengqian  Zhang  Lei  Zhang  Cun  Chen  Shuai 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(3):1687-1704

The factors affecting permeability change under repeated mining of coal seams are important study aspects that need to be explored. This study combined various stress variation characteristics of protective seam mining and simplified the stress path of repeated mining in protective seam mines. Based on the results from the bespoke gas flow and displacement testing apparatus, seepage tests for simulated repetitive mining were carried out. The results simulated the actual behavior very well. With any drastic increase in the mining influence, the axial deviation stress in the stress path increased, and the greater the difference in coal permeability during the unloading and stress recovery stage, the more substantial the increase in permeability. The change in coal permeability was significantly influenced by the severity of simulated repeated mining cycles. When the mining stress exceeded a critical value, the permeability of the coal sample increased with the increase in the number of loading and unloading cycles, but the reverse was true when the mining stress was lower than the critical value. The effective sensitivity of seepage to the applied stress decreased with an increase in the number of stress cycles. With a decrease in the deviation stress, that is, with lower severity of mining influence, the effective sensitivity of coal seepage to stress gradually decreased.

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Characterization and Quantification of Mining-Induced Fractures in Overlying Strata: Implications for Coalbed Methane Drainage     

Zhang  Bichuan  Sun  Haitao  Liang  Yunpei  Wang  Kequan  Zou  Quanle 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(4):2467-2480

Natural Resources Research - Coalbed methane (CBM) production in the overlying strata of coal reservoirs is often hampered by the unknown distribution of the mining-induced fractures....  相似文献   

Gas Emission and Soil Chemical Properties Associated with Underground Coal Fires,Wuda Coalfield,Inner Mongolia,China     

Wang  Haiyan  Zhang  Junpeng  Zhang  Lei  Wang  Jiali  Xu  Zuohui 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(6):3973-3985

Natural Resources Research - The coal fire area in the Wuda coalfield is divided into four parts based on the degree of burning and on surface characteristics: sub-area B is characterized by...  相似文献   

A case study on Landscape Component Niche based on Landscape Pattern Indices: Yanchi,Ningxia Province,China     

XiaoNing Zhang  XueLu Liu  Ghanney Philip  XiaoDan Li  QuanXi Wang  YaNan Xu  TingTing Hui 《寒旱区科学》2020,(1):22-33

Yanchi County is located in the agro-pastoral ecotone and belongs to the ecologically fragile area of Northwest China.It is important to study the evolution of landscape pattern to curb its environmental degradation.In order to intuitively show how the landscape pattern of the study area changes over time,Landsat Thematic Mappers(TM)and Landsat Operational Land Imager(OLI)data of 1991,2000,2010 and 2017 were used.This paper attempts to apply niche theories and methods into landscape ecology,and constructs a niche model of landscape components by using"n-dimentional hypervolume niche theory"and landscape pattern indices.By evaluating the spatial and temporal evolution of niche from the perspective of two-dimensional space to reflect the changes of landscape pattern in the study area over the past 26 years,new theories and methods were introduced for the characterization of landscape pattern.The results indicate that:1)The larger the attribute and dominance value of landscape components,the higher the ecological niche and the stronger the control effect on the overall landscape.2)The ecological niche of each landscape component was significantly different,just as its control effect on the overall landscape.3)The dynamic change of the ecological niche of each landscape component was different,with grassland,unused land and arable land always in a high dominant position,although the ecological niche of construction land and water area was always low.In general,the introduction of niche theory into the landscape ecology provided a new method to study the changes in regional landscape pattern.  相似文献   

Cryosphere evapotranspiration in the Tibetan Plateau: A review     

KunXin Wang  YinSheng Zhang  Ning Ma  YanHong Guo  YaoHui Qiang 《寒旱区科学》2020,12(6):355-370

Land surface actual evapotranspiration is an important process that influences the Earth's energy and water cycles and determines the water and heat transfer in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system. Meanwhile, the cryosphere's hydrological process is receiving extensive attention, and its water problem needs to be understood from multiple perspectives. As the main part of the Chinese cryosphere, the Tibetan Plateau faces significant climate and environmental change. There are active interaction and pronounced feedback between the environment and ET_a in the cryosphere. This article mainly focuses on the research progress of ET_a in the Tibetan Plateau. It first reviews the ET_a process, characteristics, and impact factors of typical underlying surfaces in the Tibetan Plateau (alpine meadows, alpine steppes, alpine wetlands, alpine forests, lakes). Then it compares the temporal and spatial variations of ET_a at different scales. In addition, considering the current greening of cryosphere vegetation due to climate change, it discusses the relationship between vegetation greening and transpiration to help clarify how vegetation activities are related to the regional water cycle and surface energy budget.  相似文献   

Coupling numerical simulation with remotely sensed information for the study of frozen soil dynamics     

HuiRan Gao  WanChang Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2020,12(6):404-417

The acquisition of spatial-temporal information of frozen soil is fundamental for the study of frozen soil dynamics and its feedback to climate change in cold regions. With advancement of remote sensing and better understanding of frozen soil dynamics, discrimination of freeze and thaw status of surface soil based on passive microwave remote sensing and numerical simulation of frozen soil processes under water and heat transfer principles provides valuable means for regional and global frozen soil dynamic monitoring and systematic spatial-temporal responses to global change. However, as an important data source of frozen soil processes, remotely sensed information has not yet been fully utilized in the numerical simulation of frozen soil processes. Although great progress has been made in remote sensing and frozen soil physics, yet few frozen soil research has been done on the application of remotely sensed information in association with the numerical model for frozen soil process studies. In the present study, a distributed numerical model for frozen soil dynamic studies based on coupled water-heat transferring theory in association with remotely sensed frozen soil datasets was developed. In order to reduce the uncertainty of the simulation, the remotely sensed frozen soil information was used to monitor and modify relevant parameters in the process of model simulation. The remotely sensed information and numerically simulated spatial-temporal frozen soil processes were validated by in-situ field observations in cold regions near the town of Naqu on the East-Central Tibetan Plateau. The results suggest that the overall accuracy of the algorithm for discriminating freeze and thaw status of surface soil based on passive microwave remote sensing was more than 95%. These results provided an accurate initial freeze and thaw status of surface soil for coupling and calibrating the numerical model of this study. The numerically simulated frozen soil processes demonstrated good performance of the distributed numerical model based on the coupled water-heat transferring theory. The relatively larger uncertainties of the numerical model were found in alternating periods between freezing and thawing of surface soil. The average accuracy increased by about 5% after integrating remotely sensed information on the surface soil. The simulation accuracy was significantly improved, especially in transition periods between freezing and thawing of the surface soil.  相似文献   

英国高中地理教材编写特色简析--以《Geography B Evolving Planet》为例     

徐波  张如如  高翔翔 《地理教学》2020,(6):61-64

英国是重视地理课程传统的发达国家,拥有丰富的地理教材编写经验。本文以《Evolving Planet》为范本,在阅读与分析的基础上,归纳得出该教材的四大编写特色:设置"以学为中心"的教材栏目,精选多类型优质的地理图像,重视对学生学习方法的引导和注重对学生地理技能的培养。简析该教材的编写特色,以期为未来我国中学地理教材的编写提供启示与借鉴。  相似文献   

基于Sentinel-1A合成孔径雷达数据和全卷积网络的城市建设用地监测方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

卢文路  刘志锋  何春阳  夏沛 《干旱区地理》2020,43(3):750-760

Sentinel-1A合成孔径雷达数据不受云、雾等天气条件的影响并具有丰富的纹理信息，为提取城市建设用地信息提供了一种新的数据源。本文发展了一种基于Sentinel-1A合成孔径雷达数据和全卷积网络的城市建设用地监测方法。该方法的优势主要在于可以有效复合不同极化方式下的Sentinel-1A合成孔径雷达数据和综合集成多尺度特征。在甘肃省张掖市甘州区的应用表明，该方法的提取结果总体精度为92.50%，Kappa系数为0.85。与现有方法“KTH-Pavia城市提取器”相比，Kappa系数提高了37.10%，总体精度提高了11.50%。因此，该方法具有良好的应用潜力。  相似文献   

青藏铁路沿线不同类型挡沙墙阻沙率     

杨印海  薛春晓  石龙  李凯崇  孔令伟  张芳 《中国沙漠》2020,40(1):173-178

基于风洞试验对青藏铁路沿线不同类型防沙措施防沙效果进行模拟研究，探讨了不同类型挡沙墙的防沙效果。结果表明：挂板式、轨枕式和箱式挡沙墙输沙率随高度基本呈递增缓变型趋势，最大输沙率低于20%；铃铛式和高立式聚乙烯（PE）网挡沙墙随高度呈递减陡降型趋势，距地表6~8 cm处为转折点，转折点以上输沙率随高度增大急剧减小，转折点以下输沙率随高度变化较为平缓，最大输沙率低于50%。随着风速的增大，各挡沙墙的阻沙率呈递减趋势：挂板式和轨枕式挡沙墙对风速的敏感性最弱，整体阻沙效果较优，可大范围推广；箱式挡沙墙对风速的敏感性较弱，建议在风速18 m·s^-1以下的地区使用；PE网挡沙墙防沙效果对风速的敏感性最强，建议在风速10 m·s^-1以下的地区使用。  相似文献   

生物土壤结皮铁代谢微生物组成及其功能基因对演替的响应     

王岩松  刘玉冰  王增如  赵丽娜  漆婧华  张雯莉 《中国沙漠》2020,40(3):193-200

采用微生物宏基因组学微阵列GeoChip 5.0技术，选择腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头地区不同年代人工固沙植被区的生物土壤结皮（BSC）为对象，分析BSC演替过程中参与铁代谢的功能微生物组成及其功能基因变化特征，研究微生物铁代谢对BSC演替的响应及调控。结果表明：真菌参与铁吸收和转运过程，古菌参与铁转运和贮存过程，细菌则在铁代谢吸收、转运和贮存过程中均起主要调控作用。门水平上，BSC铁代谢功能微生物组成变化对演替的响应不敏感，BSC铁代谢微生物主要为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）。BSC铁代谢功能基因多样性的显著提高和三类铁代谢过程基因信号强度达到最高水平需要经过61 a的演替。调控BSC铁吸收过程的主要功能基因为亚铁氧化酶编码基因iro；调控原核生物铁转运过程的主要功能基因，为羟基苯甲酰丝氨酸铁外膜转运体编码基因cirA和Fe（Ⅱ）转运蛋白编码基因feoB，真菌铁转运过程主要依靠含铁细胞转运体和铁氧化酶高亲和力的作用；调控铁贮存过程的主要功能基因为固定相类核蛋白编码基因dps。在BSC演替阶段末期，上述铁代谢功能基因强度的显著增加促进了微生物的铁代谢潜能。干旱、半干旱荒漠生态系统植被恢复过程中微生物铁代谢潜能的恢复需要较长时间。  相似文献